Polish Grammar - Accusative Case - Feminine

We've already seen how the gender of nouns can affect word endings. Now we'll see how word endings change depending on what are known as 'cases'

The Polish language has 7 cases. Imagine them as contexts like "the case of having something", "the case of not having something", "the case of being with something", etc.

Each case can cause the ends of adjectives and nouns to change.

At the beginning this can seem hopelessly complicated and it is what defeats most Polish language learners. The key is to learn each case slowly before moving on to the next one.

You do not need to get your cases right to communicate. Everyone will understand you if you get your endings wrong so don't let it stop you from talking or writing.

You already know one case - "the case of explaining what something is" - e.g. It is an ecological product.

In grammar speak this is known as the Nominative case. As a mental hook think 'normal' to remember 'nominative' because soon you will remember this case fondly as a time when it all seemed normal!

The 2nd most useful case is the Accusative case and that is what we'll learn now.

So how do we know if we are in the Accusative case?

Remember it as "the case of being after a verb being used 'positively'"

Mam (I have), but not Nie mam (I don't have)
Lubię (I like), but not Nie lubię (I don't like)

The mental hook for the Accusative case is to remember it as "Accusing" - "I am accusing you of having a house", "I accuse myself of liking pizza", etc.

Remember anything after 'to jest' is Nominative (the case we already know), even if the sentence starts with a verb being used positively like 'Myślę' or 'Wiem'.

In the Accusative case we make the following changes if the noun is feminine

Adjective ending - changes from 'a' to 'ą' - dobra -> wodą
Noun ending - changes from 'a' to 'ę' - woda -> wodę)

It is good water - To jest dobra woda

I have good water - Mam dobrą wodę

Play the two clips above several times to get familiar with the different pronounciations.

We can start to visualize the cases and genders, with the various word endings, on a table like this. Across the top we have the 3 genders of nouns and on the left the two cases we have seen so far - Nominative and Accusative.

Polish grammar cases - Feminine, Accusative

We'll build this table more as we go forward and you can use it as a quick reference until the various rules sink in.

Go slow!

The exercises for this lesson will take time. You may need to check your notes or scroll up to the lesson learning points several times.

This is normal.

By repeating the learning points using these interactive exercises over several days you will become faster and the knowledge will embed better in your long term memory.

Adjectives and Cases

The adjectives below are all in feminine form. Sort them into their correct cases.

Drag and drop all the dark blue boxes to their correct locations

Make sure your sound is turned on to hear the audio during this exercise

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Think out the Polish

Practice changing the endings of nouns and adjectives to the Accusative case by translating the sentences below.

Make sure your sound is turned on to hear the audio during this exercise

I have good water	q2\|Mam dobrą wodę

I have an ecological pizza	q2\|Mam ekologiczną pizzę

I like natural water	q2\|Lubię naturalną wodę

I like normal pizza	q2\|Lubię normalną pizzę

I think that you have good water	q2\|Myślę, że masz dobrą wodę

She likes bad music	q2\|Ona lubi złą muzykę

He likes good pizza	q2\|On lubi dobrą pizzę

He thinks she likes good music

Do you like good music?	q2\|Czy lubisz dobrą muzykę?

Transfer Nominative nouns to Accusitive

In the following exercise you'll change nominative nouns to the accusitve case even though you probably do not know most of the words.

The nominative case of the noun is shown beside the text input box in brackets. Write the full sentence using the Accusative case.

For example, the first sentence is 'I like America'. The Polish for 'America' is 'Ameryka' so the correct answer is 'Lubię Amerykę'

Make sure your sound is turned on to hear the audio during this exercise

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I like America	(Ameryka) q3\|Lubię Amerykę

I have a sister	(siostra) q3\|Mam siostrę

I have asthma	(astma) q3\|Mam astmę

Do you like Astrology?	(astrologia) q3\|Czy lubisz astrologię?

I like cotton	(bawełna) q3\|Lubię bawełnę

I have a daughter	(córka) q3\|Mam córkę

I like democracy	(demokracja) q3\|Lubię demokrację

Do you like Biology?	(biologia) q3\|Czy lubisz biologię?

I have a family	(rodzina) q3\|Mam rodzinę

Do you have a guarantee?	(gwarancja) q3\|Czy masz gwarancję?

Do you like history?	(historia) q3\|Czy lubisz historię?

I have an infection	(infekcja) q3\|Mam infekcję

You have islamophobia	(islamofobia) q3\|Masz islamofobię

Do you like yoga?	(joga) q3\|Czy lubisz jogę?

I have claustrophobia	(klaustrofobia) q3\|Mam klaustrofobię

I like comedy	(komedia) q3\|Lubię komedię

Do you like Canada?	(Kanada) q3\|Czy lubisz Kanadę?

I have a conference	(konferencja) q3\|Mam konferencję

You like winter	(zima) q3\|Lubisz zimę

I have a list	(lista) q3\|Mam listę

Do you have a bathroom?	(łazienka) q3\|Czy masz łazienkę?

Do you have mustard?	(musztarda) q3\|Czy masz musztardę?

I have paranoia	(paranoja) q3\|Mam paranoję

Do you have a ball?	(piłka) q3\|Czy masz piłkę?

Do you like politics?	(polityka) q3\|Czy lubisz politykę?

Do you have work?	(praca) q3\|Czy masz pracę?

Transfer Nominative adjectives and nouns to Accusitive

In the following exercise you'll change nominative adjectives and nouns to the accusitve case even though you probably do not know most of the words.

The nominative case of the adjective and noun is shown beside the text input box in brackets. Write the full sentence using the Accusative case.

For example, the first sentence is 'I like Great Britain'. The Polish for 'Great Britian' is 'Wielka Brytania' as shown in brackets so the correct answer is 'Lubię Wielką Brytanię'

Make sure your sound is turned on to hear the audio during this exercise

I like Great Britain	(Wielka Brytania) q4\|Lubię Wielką Brytanię

I have a good reputation	(dobra reputacja) q4\|Mam dobrą reputację

Do you have white coffee?	(biała kawa) q4\|Czy masz białą kawę?

I like a greek tragedy	(grecka tragedia) q4\|Lubię grecką tragedię

I like dark chocolate	(gorzka czekolada) q4\|Lubię gorzką czekoladę

I have a polish flag	(polska flaga) q4\|Mam polską flagę

Do you like good music?	(dobra muzyka) q4\|Czy lubisz dobrą muzykę?

You have thin skin (you are sensitive)	(cienka skóra) q4\|Masz cienką skórę

Transfer Accustaive nouns back to Nominative

In the following exercise you'll see some sentences in both English and Polish. You need to spot the noun and reverse it back into the Nominative case.

For example, the first sentence is 'Mam kartę'. A noun is 'the thing so it is 'kartę'. We need to reverse the 'a' to 'ę' change caused by a noun coming after a verb so the correct answer is 'karta'

Make sure your sound is turned on to hear the audio during this exercise

I have a [credit/debit] card	Mam kartę q5\|karta

I have a sister	Mam siostrę q5\|siostra

I have [a plot of] land	Mam działkę q5\|działka

I like lettuce	Lubię sałatę q5\|sałata

I have a cupboard	Mam szafkę q5\|szafka

You like technology	Lubisz technologię q5\|technologia

I like theory	Lubię teorię q5\|teoria

Do you have a toilet?	Czy masz toaletę? q5\|toaleta

I have a contract	Mam umowę q5\|umowa

I like comfort	Lubię wygodę q5\|wygoda

Do you like soup?	Czy lubisz zupę? q5\|zupa